2. Materials for Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage

• Photovoltaic and solar energy materials

• Materials for biomass and bioenergy systems

• Energy storage materials (batteries, supercapacitors, hybrid systems)

• Materials for wind, hydropower, geothermal, and marine energy devices

3. Functional and Smart Materials for Energy Systems

• Functional nanomaterials and 2D materials

• Smart materials and structures for energy applications

• Materials for smart grids and system integration

• Materials for thermal management and energy efficiency

4. Sustainable Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies

• Green and environmentally friendly materials

• Carbon capture and storage materials

• Catalytic and electrochemical materials

• Advanced materials processing and characterization techniques